Inhibition of corneal neovascularization with new Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors: Sunitinib malate and Sorafenib

Abstract

Corneal neovascularization (NV) is a significant, sight-threatening, complication of many ocular surface disorders. Presence of new vessels in cornea can compromise clarity and thus vision. The data supporting a causal role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in corneal NV are extensive. Inhibition of VEGF remains as a main strategy for treating corneal NV. There is a growing body of evidence that corneal NV can be reduced by using anti-VEGF agents. Sunitinib malate and Sorafenib are new orally bio-available anti-angiogenic agents undergoing tests of efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancers. The main mechanism of these drugs is inhibiting angiogenesis by diminishing signaling through VEGF receptor1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Since VEGF exerts its angiogenic effects through tyrosine kinase receptors in cornea, any mechanisms which reduce VEGF signaling may inhibit corneal NV or at least attenuate it. Based on this fact we herein hypothesize that Sunitinib malate and Sorafenib can be prepared in topical form and be used in corneal neovascularization states. These approaches offer new hope for the successful treatment of corneal NV. Further investigations in animal models are needed to place these two drugs alongside corneal NV therapeutics.